Gestational Diabetes – References

Caroline G. P. Roberts

Current: Medical Director of Research at Virta Health, Endocrinologist at Virta Health

Past: Endocrinologist, Vancouver Clinic, Endocrinologist, Carroll Endocrinology Associates

Dr. Caroline Roberts is an endocrinologist who completed all of her medical education and training at Johns Hopkins. She has

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References

Gestational Diabetes – References

  1. MMWR: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/pdfs/mm7201-H.pdf
  2. Blotsky AL, Rahme E, Dahhou M, Nakhla M, Dasgupta K. Gestational diabetes associated with incident diabetes in childhood and youth: a retrospective cohort study. CMAJ. 2019 Apr 15;191(15):E410-E417. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.181001. PMID: 30988041; PMCID: PMC6464886.
  3. Satoh T, Shibata T, Takata E, Takakura M, Han J, Yamada S. High 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations in the placenta-produced amniotic fluid in the human uterus. medRxiv. 2023;2023.08.09.23293873.
  4. Ásbjörnsdóttir B, Akueson CE, Ronneby H, Rytter A, Andersen JR, Damm P, et al. The influence of carbohydrate consumption on glycemic control in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pr. 2017;127:97–104.
  5. Bencini FX, Symonds EM. Ketone Bodies in Fetal and Maternal Blood During Parturition. Aust N Zealand J Obstet Gynaecol. 1972;12(3):176–8.
  6. Camprubi Robles M, Campoy C, Garcia Fernandez L, Lopez-Pedrosa JM, Rueda R, Martin MJ. Maternal Diabetes and Cognitive Performance in the Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One. 2015 Nov 13;10(11):e0142583. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142583. PMID: 26566144; PMCID: PMC4643884.
  7. Hernandez TL, Pelt REV, Anderson MA, Daniels LJ, West NA, Donahoo WT, et al. A Higher-Complex Carbohydrate Diet in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Achieves Glucose Targets and Lowers Postprandial Lipids: A Randomized Crossover Study. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(5):1254–62.
  8. Arqoub AMS, Flynn KG, Martinez LA. Gestational exposure to a ketogenic diet increases sociability in CD-1 mice. Behav Neurosci. 2020 Aug;134(4):358-368. doi: 10.1037/bne0000368. Epub 2020 Mar 30. PMID: 32223276
  9. Sussman, D., Ellegood, J. & Henkelman, M. A gestational ketogenic diet alters maternal metabolic status as well as offspring physiological growth and brain structure in the neonatal mouse. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 13, 198 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-13-198
  10. De Sousa RAL, Lima EV de, Silva TP da, Souza RV de, Figueiredo CP, Passos GF, et al. Late Cognitive Consequences of Gestational Diabetes to the Offspring, in a New Mouse Model. Mol Neurobiol. 2019;56(11):7754–64.
  11. Dabelea D. The Predisposition to Obesity and Diabetes in Offspring of Diabetic Mothers. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(Supplement_2):S169–74.
  12. Van Lieshout RJV, Voruganti LP. Diabetes mellitus during pregnancy and increased risk of schizophrenia in offspring: a review of the evidence and putative mechanisms. J psychiatry Neurosci : JPN. 2008;33(5):395–404.
  13. Sacks KN, Friger M, Shoham-Vardi I, Abokaf H, Spiegel E, Sergienko R, et al. Prenatal exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus as an independent risk factor for long-term neuropsychiatric morbidity of the offspring. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;215(3):380.e1-380.e7.
  14. Gracner T, Boone C, Gertler PJ. Exposure to sugar rationing in the first 1000 days of life protected against chronic disease. Science. 2024;eadn5421.
  15. Wyckoff JA, Brown FM. Time in Range in Pregnancy: Is There a Role? Diabetes Spectr : A Publ Am Diabetes Assoc. 2021;34(2):119–32.
  16. Lowe WL, Scholtens DM, Lowe LP, Kuang A, Nodzenski M, Talbot O, et al. Association of Gestational Diabetes With Maternal Disorders of Glucose Metabolism and Childhood Adiposity. JAMA. 2018;320(10):1005.
  17. Zhu Y, Zhang C. Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes and Risk of Progression to Type 2 Diabetes: a Global Perspective. Curr Diabetes Rep. 2016;16(1):7.
  18. Shoulder Dystocia https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470427/
  19. Silva RNA e, Yu Y, Liew Z, Vested A, Sørensen HT, Li J. Associations of Maternal Diabetes During Pregnancy With Psychiatric Disorders in Offspring During the First 4 Decades of Life in a Population-Based Danish Birth Cohort. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(10):e2128005.
  20. Yu Y, Arah OA, Liew Z, Cnattingius S, Olsen J, Sørensen HT, et al. Maternal diabetes during pregnancy and early onset of cardiovascular disease in offspring: population based cohort study with 40 years of follow-up. BMJ. 2019;367:l6398.
  21. Perng W, Hockett CW, Sauder KA, Dabelea D. In utero exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular risk factors in youth: A longitudinal analysis in the EPOCH cohort. Pediatr Obes. 2020;15(5):e12611.
  22. Perng W, Ringham BM, Smith HA, Michelotti G, Kechris KM, Dabelea D. A prospective study of associations between in utero exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus and metabolomic profiles during late childhood and adolescence. Diabetologia. 2020;63(2):296–312.
  23. Grunnet LG, Hansen S, Hjort L, Madsen CM, Kampmann FB, Thuesen ACB, et al. Adiposity, Dysmetabolic Traits, and Earlier Onset of Female Puberty in Adolescent Offspring of Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Clinical Study Within the Danish National Birth Cohort. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(12):1746–55.
  24. Sundholm JKM, Litwin L, Rönö K, Koivusalo SB, Eriksson JG, Sarkola T. Maternal obesity and gestational diabetes: Impact on arterial wall layer thickness and stiffness in early childhood – RADIEL study six-year follow-up. Atherosclerosis. 2019;284:237–44.
  25. Eades CE, Burrows KA, Andreeva R, Stansfield DR, Evans JMM. Prevalence of gestational diabetes in the United States and Canada: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2024;24(1):204.
  26.  Kinnunen J, Nikkinen H, Keikkala E, Mustaniemi S, Gissler M, Laivuori H, et al. Gestational diabetes is associated with the risk of offspring’s congenital anomalies: a register-based cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2023;23(1):708.
  27. Schraw JM, Langlois PH, Lupo PJ. Comprehensive assessment of the associations between maternal diabetes and structural birth defects in offspring: a phenome-wide association study. Ann Epidemiology. 2021;53:14-20.e8.
  28. Wu Y, Liu B, Sun Y, Du Y, Santillan MK, Santillan DA, et al. Association of Maternal Prepregnancy Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus With Congenital Anomalies of the Newborn. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(12):2983–90.
  29. Balsells M, García-Patterson A, Gich I, Corcoy R. Major congenital malformations in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. DiabetesMetab Res Rev. 2012;28(3):252–7.
  30. Moore LL, Bradlee ML, Singer MR, Rothman KJ, Milunsky A. Chromosomal Anomalies among the Offspring of Women with Gestational Diabetes. Am J Epidemiology. 2002;155(8):719–24.
  31. Grzęda E, Matuszewska J, Ziarniak K, Gertig-Kolasa A, Pieczka IK, Skowrońska B, et al. Animal Foetal Models of Obesity and Diabetes – From Laboratory to Clinical Settings. Front Endocrinol. 2022;13:785674.
  32. Foo RX, Ma JJ, Du R, Goh GBB, Chong YS, Zhang C, et al. Gestational diabetes mellitus and development of intergenerational non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) after delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. eClinicalMedicine. 2024;72:102609.
  33.  Rodolaki K, Pergialiotis V, Iakovidou N, Boutsikou T, Iliodromiti Z, Kanaka-Gantenbein C. The impact of maternal diabetes on the future health and neurodevelopment of the offspring: a review of the evidence. Front Endocrinol. 2023;14:1125628.
  34. Feig DS, Artani A, Asaf A, Li P, Booth GL, Shah BR. Long-term Neurobehavioral and Metabolic Outcomes in Offspring of Mothers With Diabetes During Pregnancy: A Large, Population-Based Cohort Study in Ontario, Canada. Diabetes Care. 2024;47(9):1568–75.
  35. Lowe WL, Scholtens DM, Kuang A, Linder B, Lawrence JM, Lebenthal Y, et al. Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Follow-up Study (HAPO FUS): Maternal Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Childhood Glucose Metabolism. Diabetes Care. 2019;42(3):372–80.
  36. Xiang A, Wang X, Martinez M, Getahun D, Page K, Buchanan T, et al. Maternal Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 Diabetes, and Type 2 Diabetes During Pregnancy and Risk of ADHD in Offspring. Diabetes Care. 2018;41:2502–8.
  37. Wang X, Lu J, Xie W, Lu X, Liang Y, Li M, et al. Maternal diabetes induces autism-like behavior by hyperglycemia-mediated persistent oxidative stress and suppression of superoxide dismutase 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2019;116(47):23743–52.
  38. Aviel-Shekler K, Hamshawi Y, Sirhan W, Getselter D, Srikanth KD, Malka A, et al. Gestational diabetes induces behavioral and brain gene transcription dysregulation in adult offspring. Transl Psychiatry. 2020;10(1):412.
  39. Ásbjörnsdóttir B, Akueson CE, Ronneby H, Rytter A, Andersen JR, Damm P, et al. The influence of carbohydrate consumption on glycemic control in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pr. 2017;127:97–104.
  40. Hill AJ, Patterson CC, Young IS, Holmes VA, McCance DR. Carbohydrate quantity is more closely associated with glycaemic control than weight in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes: Insights from the Diabetes and Pre-eclampsia Intervention Trial (DAPIT). J Hum Nutr Diet. 2022;35(6):1115–23.
  41. Maresh MJA, Holmes VA, Patterson CC, Young IS, Pearson DWM, Walker JD, et al. Glycemic Targets in the Second and Third Trimester of Pregnancy for Women With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2014;38(1):34–42.
  42. Cyganek K, Skupien J, Katra B, Hebda-Szydlo A, Janas I, Trznadel-Morawska I, et al. Risk of macrosomia remains glucose-dependent in a cohort of women with pregestational type 1 diabetes and good glycemic control. Endocrine. 2017;55(2):447–55.
  43. Dabelea D, Hanson RL, Lindsay RS, Pettitt DJ, Imperatore G, Gabir MM, et al. Intrauterine exposure to diabetes conveys risks for type 2 diabetes and obesity: a study of discordant sibships. Diabetes. 2000;49(12):2208–11.
  44. Fang H, Li Q, Wang H, Ren Y, Zhang L, Yang L. Maternal nutrient metabolism in the liver during pregnancy. Front Endocrinol. 2024;15:1295677.
  45. Rizzo T. Correlations between Antepartum Maternal Metabolism and Intelligence of Offspring.
  46. Tanner HL, Nitert MD, Callaway LK, Barrett HL. Ketones in Pregnancy: Why Is It Considered Necessary to Avoid Them and What Is the Evidence Behind Their Perceived Risk? Diabetes Care. 2020;44(1):280–9.
  47. Muneta T. Ketone bodies in the fetus and newborn during gestational diabetes and normal delivery  Journal of Diabetes. International Journal of Diabetes. 2022;
  48. Kramer J, Smith L. Ketogenic Diet in Glut 1 Deficiency Through the Life Cycle: Pregnancy to Neonate to Preschooler. Child Neurol Open. 2021;8:2329048X211034655.
  49. Palafox-Gómez C, Ortiz G, Madrazo I, López-Bayghen E. Adding a ketogenic dietary intervention to IVF treatment in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome improves implantation and pregnancy. Reprod Toxicol. 2023;119:108420.

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