South Bronx – References

South Bronx – References

  1. New York State Department of Health. Information for Action Report: Diabetes in New York State. 2023. https://www.health.ny.gov/statistics/prevention/injury_prevention/information_for_action/docs/2023-09_ifa_report.pdf
  2. U.S. News & World Report. Overview of Bronx County, NY. 2025 https://www.usnews.com/news/healthiest-communities/new-york/bronx-county 
  3. Montefiore Health System. Diabetes Dashboard. 2017. https://slideplayer.com/slide/13745836/ 
  4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Diabetes Statistics Report, 2023. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2023.
  5. New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. EpiQuery: NYC Interactive Health Data. https://a816-dohbesp.nyc.gov/IndicatorPublic/data-explorer/overweight/?id=2063#display=summary 
  6. Data Commons. Bronx County, NY. 2023. https://datacommons.org/place/geoId/36005#:~:text=Bronx%20County%20is%20a%20county,County%20was%2016.3%25%20in%202022 
  7. U.S. Census Bureau. QuickFacts: Bronx County, New York. 2025. https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/bronxcountynewyork/PST045223 
  8. Hinojosa, J, Chatterjee, D, Torres, E. Call to Action. Hardships Persist as the Bronx Recovers Slower than the City Overall; 2023. https://smhttp-ssl-58547.nexcesscdn.net/nycss/images/uploads/pubs/062424_UHT2023_Bronx_Report_V9.pdf 
  9. Gwira J, Fryar C, Gu Q. Key Findings Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.; 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db516.pdf 
  10. Menke A, Casagrande S, Geiss L, Cowie CC. Prevalence of and Trends in Diabetes Among Adults in the United States, 1988-2012. JAMA 2015; 314(10): 1021-1029.
  11. Golden SH, Yajnik C, Phatak S, Hanson RL, Knowler WC. Racial/ethnic differences in the burden of type 2 diabetes over the life course: a focus on the USA and India. Diabetologia. 2019;62(10):1751-1760. doi:10.1007/s00125-019-4968-0.
  12. Mayo Clinic. Type 2 Diabetes: Diagnosis and Treatment. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351199
  13. National Health Service (NHS). Type 2 Diabetes: Treatment. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/type-2-diabetes/treatment/ 
  14. Davis NJ, Schechter CB, Ortega F, Rosen R, Wylie-Rosett J, Walker EA. Dietary patterns in blacks and Hispanics with diagnosed diabetes in New York City’s South Bronx. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;97(4):878-885. doi:10.3945/ajcn.112.051185
  15. New York State Department of Health. Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption among New York State Adults, BRFSS 2018. Information for Action #2021-03. February 25, 2021. https://www.health.ny.gov/statistics/prevention/injury_prevention/information_for_action/docs/2021-03_ifa_report.pdf 
  16. United States Department of Agriculture. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025. 9th Edition. December 2020. https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/sites/default/files/2020-12/Dietary_Guidelines_for_Americans_2020-2025.pdf 
  17. Cooksey-Stowers K, Schwartz MB, Brownell KD. Food Swamps Predict Obesity Rates Better Than Food Deserts in the United States. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017; 14(11): 1366.
  18. Fraser KT, Ilieva RT, James CJ, et al. Use of environmental scan to assess density, content, and variation of predatory food and beverage marketing in New York City. Health Place. 2022;76:102843. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102843.
  19. Rudd Center for Food Policy and Health. Targeted Marketing to Black and Latino Consumers. September 2020.  https://uconnruddcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2909/2020/09/TargetedMarketingTwoPagerBlackConsumers.pdf.
  20. Hudish LI, Reusch JE, Sussel L. β Cell Dysfunction During Progression of Metabolic Syndrome to Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Invest. 2019;129(10):4001-4008.
  21. Samantha Hurrle, Walter H. Hsu, The etiology of oxidative stress in insulin resistance,Biomedical Journal,Volume 40, Issue 5 2017, Pages 257-262, ISSN 2319-4170,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bj.2017.06.007.
  22. Tao Bo, Ling Gao, Zhenyu Yao, Shanshan Shao, Xuemin Wang, Christopher G. Proud, Jiajun Zhao,Hepatic selective insulin resistance at the intersection of insulin signaling and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease,Cell Metabolism,Volume 36, Issue 5,2024,Pages 947-968,ISSN 1550-4131,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2024.04.006.
  23. Guilherme A, Virbasius JV, Puri V, Czech MP. Adipocyte dysfunctions linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2008 May;9(5):367-77. doi: 10.1038/nrm2391. PMID: 18401346; PMCID: PMC2886982.
  24. Bernardo L. Wajchenberg, β-Cell Failure in Diabetes and Preservation by Clinical Treatment, Endocrine Reviews, Volume 28, Issue 2, 1 April 2007, Pages 187–218, https://doi.org/10.1210/10.1210/er.2006-0038
  25. Hyperinsulinemia and Insulin Resistance: Scope of the Problem Jason Fung, Amy Berger  Journal of Insulin Resistance: Vol 1, No 1, 2016 
  26. Reaven GM. Insulin resistance, the insulin resistance syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. Panminerva Med. 2005;47(4):201–210
  27. Seneff S, Wainwright G, Mascitelli L. Nutrition and Alzheimer’s disease: The detrimental role of a high carbohydrate diet. Eur J Intern Med. 2011;22(2):134–140.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2010.12.017
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  30. Li C, Hsieh MC, Chang SJ. Metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and hyperuricemia. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2013;25(2):210–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/BOR.0b013e32835d951e
  31. Gheita TA, El-Fishawy HS, Nasrallah MM, Hussein H. Insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in primary gout: Relation to punched-out erosions. Int J Rheum Dis. 2012;15(6):521–525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1756-185X.12007
  32. Yao F, Liu L, Zhang Y, et al. Erectile dysfunction may be the first clinical sign of insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction in young men. Clin Res Cardiol. 2013;102(9):645–651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00392-013-0577-y
  33. Diamanti-Kandarakis E. Insulin resistance in PCOS. Endocrine. 2006;30(1):13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/ENDO:30:1:13
  34. Kleinridders A, Cai W, Cappellucci L, Ghazarian A, Collins WR, Vienberg SG, Pothos EN, Kahn CR. Insulin resistance in brain alters dopamine turnover and causes behavioral disorders. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015;112(11):3463-3468. doi:10.1073/pnas.1500877112 
  35. US Senate Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs, Dietary Goals for the United States, 2nd ed. (Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, December 1977), 
  36. Cohen E, Cragg M, deFonseka J, Hite AH, Rosenberg M, Zhou B. Statistical review of US macronutrient consumption data, 1965–2011: Americans have been following dietary guidelines, coincident with the rise in obesity. Nutrition. 2015;31(5):727-732. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2015.02.007.
  37. Mansoor N, Vinknes KJ, Veierød MB, Retterstøl K. Effects of low-carbohydrate diets v. low-fat diets on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. British Journal of Nutrition. 2016;115(3):466-479. doi:10.1017/S0007114515004699
  38. Gibson AA, Seimon RV, Lee CM, et al. Do ketogenic diets really suppress appetite? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2015; 16(1): 64-76.
  39. Pi-Sunyer X. The Look AHEAD Trial: A Review and Discussion of Its Outcomes. Curr Nutr Rep. 2014;3(4):387-391. doi:10.1007/s13668-014-0099-x. 
  40. Ebbeling CB, Feldman HA, Klein GL, Wong JMW, Bielak L, Steltz SK, Luoto PK, Wolfe RR, Wong WW, Ludwig DS. Effects of a low carbohydrate diet on energy expenditure during weight loss maintenance: randomized trial. BMJ. 2018 Nov 14;363:k4583. doi: 10.1136/bmj.k4583. Erratum in: BMJ. 2020 Nov 3;371:m4264. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m4264.
  41. Boulé NG, Haddad E, Kenny GP, Wells GA, Sigal RJ. Effects of Exercise on Glycemic Control and Body Mass in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-analysis of Controlled Clinical Trials. JAMA. 2001;286(10):1218–1227. doi:10.1001/jama.286.10.1218
  42. Bayer R, Fairchild AL. Mandatory reporting of noncommunicable diseases: the example of the New York City A1C Registry. Virtual Mentor. 2007;9(12):860-864. doi:10.1001/virtualmentor.2007.9.12.pfor1-0712 
  43. New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. Epi Data Brief: Diabetes Among New York City Adults. Published November 2015. https://www.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/epi/databrief53.pdf 
  44. New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. Epi Data Brief: Diabetes-Related Mortality in New York City. Published June 2018. https://www.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/epi/databrief97.pdf
  45. Lennerz BS, Koutnik AP, Azova S, et al. Carbohydrate restriction for diabetes: rediscovering centuries-old wisdom. J Clin Invest 2021; 131(1): e142246.
  46. Choi, Y.J.; Jeon, S.-M.; Shin, S. Impact of a Ketogenic Diet on Metabolic Parameters in Patients with Obesity or Overweight and with or without Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2020, 12, 2005. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12072005
  47. Huntriss R, Campbell M, Bedwell C. The interpretation and effect of a low-carbohydrate diet in the management of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2018;72(3):311–325. 2018;72(3):311-325. doi:10.1038/s41430-017-0019-4 
  48. Meng Y, Bai H, Wang S, Li Z, Wang Q, Chen L. Efficacy of low carbohydrate diet for type 2 diabetes mellitus management: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2017;131:124–131. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2017.07.006
  49. Kirk JK, Graves DE, Craven TE, Lipkin EW, Austin M, Margolis KL. Restricted-carbohydrate diets in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. J Am Diet Assoc. 2008;108(1):91-100. doi:10.1016/j.jada.2007.10.003 
  50. Sainsbury E, Kizirian NV, Partridge SR, Gill T, Colagiuri S, Gibson AA. Effect of dietary carbohydrate restriction on glycemic control in adults with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2018;139:239-252. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2018.02.026
  51. van Zuuren EJ, Fedorowicz Z, Kuijpers T, Pijl H. Effects of low-carbohydrate- compared with low-fat-diet interventions on metabolic control in people with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review including GRADE assessments. Am J Clin Nutr. 2018;108(2):300-331. doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy096
  52. Snorgaard O, Poulsen GM, Andersen HK, Astrup A. Systematic review and meta-analysis of dietary carbohydrate restriction in patients with type 2 diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2017;5(1):e000354. doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000354
  53. Hyde PN, Sapper TN, Crabtree CD, et al. Dietary carbohydrate restriction improves metabolic syndrome independent of weight loss. JCI Insight. 2019;4(12):e128308. doi:10.1172/jci.insight.128308
  54. Westman EC, Tondt J, Maguire E, Yancy WS Jr. Implementing a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab. 2018;13(5):263-272. doi:10.1080/17446651.2018.1523713
  55. Dowis K, Banga S. The Potential Health Benefits of the Ketogenic Diet: A Narrative Review. Nutrients. 2021 May 13;13(5):1654. doi: 10.3390/nu13051654.
  56. Volek, J. S., Fernandez, M. L., Feinman, R. D., & Phinney, S. D. (2008). Dietary carbohydrate restriction induces a unique metabolic state positively affecting atherogenic dyslipidemia, fatty acid partitioning, and metabolic syndrome. Progress in Lipid Research, 47(5), 307–318. doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2008.02.003 
  57. Athinarayanan SJ, Adams RN, Hallberg SJ, McKenzie AL, Bhanpuri NH, Campbell WW, Volek JS, Phinney SD, McCarter JP. Long-Term Effects of a Novel Continuous Remote Care Intervention Including Nutritional Ketosis for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes: A 2-Year Non-randomized Clinical Trial. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2019 Jun 5;10:348. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00348. 
  58. David Unwin, Ali Ahsan Khalid, Jen Unwin, Dominic Crocombe, Christine Delon, Kathy Martyn, Rajna Golubic, Sumantra Ray – Insights from a general practice service evaluation supporting a lower carbohydrate diet in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and prediabetes: a secondary analysis of routine clinic data including HbA1c, weight and prescribing over 6 years: BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health 2021;3:.
  59. Glandt M, Ailon NY, Berger S, Unwin D. Use of a very low carbohydrate diet for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: An audit. J Metab Health. 2024;7(1):a87. doi:10.4102/jmh.v7i1.87. 
  60. Teicholz N. For richer, for poorer: Low-carb diets work for all incomes. Medscape. Published July 17, 2024.
  61. Essen Health Care Announces Strategic Partnership with OwnaHealth to Transform Diabetes and Obesity Care for Medicaid and Underserved Communities. Prnewswire.com. Published February 18, 2025. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/essen-health-care-announces-strategic-partnership-with-ownahealth-to-transform-diabetes-and-obesity-care-for-medicaid-and-underserved-communities-302378313.html
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  63. Peterson Health Technology Institute. Digital diabetes management assessment report. Published April 2024. https://phti.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/04/PHTI-Digital-Diabetes-Mgmt-Assessment-Report-v1.1.pdf 
  64. U.S. News & World Report. How to Better Manage Diabetes – and Save Money Doing It. https://health.usnews.com/health-care/patient-advice/articles/2018-01-12/how-to-better-manage-diabetes-and-save-money-doing-it. Published January 12, 2018.
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